Chuadanga (Bengali: চুয়াডাঙ্গা; Chuađaņga), Chuadanga district or Chuadanga Zilla (চুয়াডাঙ্গা জেলা) is the name of a Western district (zilla) of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Khulna administrative division that covers most districts in the south-west of the country.
Contents
History
According to Greek historians, as well as from geographical formations, this region formed a part of the kingdom of Gangaridhi. A city by the name of Gangey is also thought to be located in this region.
During British rule, the region was the location of several uprisings, including Wahabi Movement (1831), Faraizi Movement(1838–47), Sepoy Rebellion (1857), Indigo Rebellion (1859–60), Khilafat Movement (1920), Swadeshi Movement (1906), Non-cooperation movement, Violation of Law and Salt Satyagraha (1920–40), Quit India Movement or August Revolt (1942).
Under British rule, Chuadanga was a sub-division within Nadia District. During partition, in 1947, excepting Krishnanagar thana (still under Nadia in West Bengal). History of Chuadanga can be found in Nadia District Gazetteer during British rule.[1]
During Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, Chuadanga was the location of more than 100 battles between the Pakistan Army and the Mukti Bahini pro-independence forces.[2]
On 26 March 1971, the first war command, the South Western Command of
Bangladesh, was set up in this area, under the leadership of Major Abu Osman Chowdhury
and Dr. Ashabul Haque Joarder (expired at 89 on 7 October 2010). Before
that at about 09:30 in the morning of the same day in a makeshift
public meeting arranged at Borobazar crossing, Dr. Ashabul Haque Joarder
declared all out war against the occupation of Pakistan military
forces. This region was also the place where Bangladesh Red Cross Society
was founded. During the liberation war the government in exile declared
Chuadanga to be the provisional capital of the People's Republic of
Bangladesh. During the Bangladesh Liberation War more than one hundred documented direct encounters took place between the Pakistan Army and the freedom fighters (Mukti Bahini)
in Chuadanga district. According to records Chuadanga was liberated
from the hands of occupying Pakistan army on 7 December 1971, nine days
before the invading army officially surrendered to the Mitro Bahini (allied forces of Mukti Bahini and Indian Army).[citation needed]
Marks of the Liberation War genocide in the district include a spot behind the Chuadanga Central Hospital.[2]
Geography
The district has an area of 1,157.42 (km)². It shares domestic borders with the Kushtia District on the northeast, Meherpur on the northwest and Jhenaidaha on the south and southeast. On its southwest lies the Nadia District (in the state of West Bengal in India).
The annual average maximum temperature is 40.1 °C and the average for
the minimum is 8.2 °C, while 1,467 mm is received on average each year.
The entire Chuadanga district lies within the Ganges Delta, with rivers Mathabhanga, Bhairab, Kumar, Chitra, and Nabaganga flowing through the district.
Administration
Until the Partition of India in 1947 Chuadanga sub-division was within Nadia district.
Deputy Commissioner (DC): Md.Delwar Hossain [2]
Subdivisions
Chuadanga district is divided into four upazillas.
Demographics
The population of the district was 987,382 during the 2001 national survey with 50.82% male and female 49.18% compositions.
Religion
The district of Chuadanga consists 3554 mosques, 218 temples, 13 churches and three Buddhist temples.
Education
Average literacy rate is 70%, with a sizeable gap between male and female literacy rates at 75% and 60% respectively.
The different kinds of educational institutions are as follows:
- Colleges - 12
- High schools - 48
- Junior schools - 7
- Government Primary schools - 257
- Non-government Primary schools - 120
- Primary Training institute - 1
- Vocational Training institute 1
- Nursing institute 1
- Madrasas - 63
- Kindergarten schools - 3
- English medium school -2
Noted old educational institutions include the Victoria Jubilee
Government High School (est. 1880), Alomdaņga pilot High School (est.
1914), Natudaôho High School (est. 1906),Carew's High School(1947),
Gokulkhali High School ( est. 1947), Jibonnôgor Pilot High School (est.
1957),damurhuda pilot high school and Hajar Duari School.
According to the SSC (Secondary School Certificate) result some
schools are really doing better. Among these Carew's High School, Victoria
Jubilee High School,Government Girls' School and Nilmonigônj High
School are mentionworthy. Are also Secondary Name: "BISHNUPUR SECONDARY
SCHOOL" Is establish 1964 & Damurhuda upojila
Economy
Most of this small district is dedicated to agriculture.
Occupational distributions clearly show this with agriculture employing
68% of the labour force, while only 12% are involved in commerce. Total cultivable land amounts to 894.20 km², of which 57% is under some sort of irrigation.
Besides agriculture the district is now experiencing industrial growth. Major industries include Zaman Group of Industries,
Bangas bread and biscuit, Tallu Spinning mills Ltd,Carew & Company
Bangladesh Limited etc.Carew & Company Bangladesh
Limited(1933),which is situated at Darshana
of Damurhuda Upazilla of Chuadanga district is the largest sugar mill
of Bangladesh,Carew & Company has a distillery also which is the
lone wine producing plant of Bangladesh, Carew & Company Bangladesh
Limited is an enterprise of Bangladesh Sugar & Food Industries
Corporation(BSFIC). BSFIC is an autonomous body of Ministry Of
Industries(Government of Bangladesh).
Transportation
Chuadanga is connected to four of its neighbouring districts
(Kushtia; Jessore; Jhenidah and Meherpur) through inter-district
highways and connected to Jessore and Kushtia through Railway.
The district is connected to the rest of the country by three highways and railway.
There are 203 km of finished road, 211 km herring-bone and 132 km mud
road. Total length of railway tracks is just over 50 km that connect the
three railway stations inside the district with the country's railway
network.
The entire transportation system is comparatively better than other
districts. You can access to any of its upa-zilla by 30 minutes travel
by motor vehicle. To reach to Dhaka you need to spend 4 to 5 hours. To
reach to Calcutta you need less time to reach Dhaka. That makes the
place important during our liberation in 1971.
Earlier the district was connected to other parts of the country by
its major river The Matha Vanga but now the river route is invalid due
to siltation on river beds.
The people usually use Bus and train for long journey and for local
travels they use Rickshaw, human pulled van etc. For personal use they
use cycle and motor cycle frequently.
For goods transportation, a human driven van called "Nosimon" is often used.
Karpashdanga [3]
is an old historical village of Chuadanga District, located in the
border area of Bangladesh with West Bengal state of India. This village
was famous in the region for rural business centre from long ago. The
big Bazaar on the bank of the Bhairab river was one of the oldest rural
commercial meeting place from the Mughal to the British era. There is a
historical 'Nil-Kuthi' on the Bank of the river Bhairab. This 'Nil-Kuthi
was one of the headquarters of the then East India Company during
British Raj for administering the cultivation of indigo in this area.
The main part of the Nil-Kuthi is now in a ruined state. The other part
has been renovated and converted to a girl's secondary school in 1983.
The old name of the village was 'Nishchintapur'. There is also a
graveyard in the Nil-Kuthi area in Karpashdanga village used to bury the
white people of East India company when they deceased. It is heard that
one such name of a white man was Mr. Barkas (locally people used to
call him Barkosh shaheb) who was very tyrant administrator during
British rule in that area. It is said as a proverb that he was such a
ruler, he could force tigers and buffaloes to drink at the same place of
the river without showing any hostility to each other. There is a large
section about 'Kapasdanga' in Chapter 15 of Nadia District Gazetteer.
Another historical event associated with Karpashdanga village is that the rebel poet Kazi Nazrul Islam stayed in this village for some time and during his participation with non-cooperation movement Swadeshi Movement
organised against British Raj. There were few active members of the
'Shadehsi' group, whose descendant live in western area of Christian
community in Karpashdanga. A Nazrul museum has been established in the
local high school with the collection of items Kazi Nazrul Islam left in
that house. There is a large Christian community in the village. There
are two large churches belong to two groups of Christian e.g. catholic
and Protestants. There is also a missionary hospital run by the
Christian missionaries and is famous in the area for medical treatment
facilities and care of patient.
Chuadanga at a glance
| Land use | Area (in Acre) |
|---|---|
| Total Land Area | 283,679 |
| Cultivable Area | 226,754 |
| Fallow Land | 15,245 |
| Area Under Forest | 10 |
| Area Irrigated | 126,760 |
| Area Under River | 549 |
| Name of Items | Total No. | Length (in km.) |
|---|---|---|
| Rivers | 11 | 121 |
| Metal Road | 16 | 177 |
| Semi Metal Road | 54 | 120 |
| Kutcha Road | 446 | 1,258 |
| Rail Road | - | 52 |
| Town Malls (Haţ) | 68 | - |
| Name of Items | Total Number |
|---|---|
| Poverty Alleviation | 12 |
| Rehabilitation of Destitute | 11 |
| Family Planning | 6 |
| Rural/Adult Education | 76 |
| Agriculture & Food | 60 |
| Road & Communication | 57 |
| Health | 3 |
| Total | 195 |
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