The History of Bangladesh.: Kurigram.

Kurigram (Bengali: কুড়িগ্রাম) is a district in Northern Bangladesh. It is located in the Rangpur Division.^[1]

Geography

Kurigram District is located in the northern region of Bangladesh along the border of India. The population is 2,069,273 (2011 national population census). This district is surrounded by Cooch Behar district of India in the north, Gaibandha district of Bangladesh in the south, Assam state of India in the east and, Lalmonirhat and Rangpur districts of Bangladesh in the west. Weather of the Kurigram district is bit different from the middle or southern part of Bangladesh. During summer, temperature is higher and during winter is lower than middle or southern part of Bangladesh. The average maximum temperature is about 32-33 degree Celsius when average minimum temperature is about 10-11 degrees. Heavy rainfall is usually observed during the rainy season like other parts of Bangladesh and the average annual rainfall is about 3000 mm. Several rivers are flowing through the heart of this district. The major rivers are Brahmaputra, Dharla, and Tista with minors are Dudhkumar, Phulkumar, Gangadhar, Jinjiram etc. Three northern subdistricts (namely thana or upazila)of this district (Nageshwari, Bhurungamari, and Phulbari) are recently connected by a beautiful bridge over the Dharla river with the main land of the district.^[2] postal code is 5600.

Administration

Administrator of District Council: Major General (Rtd.) A M S A Amin [1]

Deputy Commissioner (DC): Md. Habibur Rahman [2]

Sub-districts

Kurigram District consists of 9 sub-districts:

View of the Dharala River in Kurigram.

Kurigram Sadar (HQ)

"Sadar" (HQ) is a Bangla word and its meaning is, a main part of a certain area. Kurigram Sadar (HQ) is the main part of Kurigram district and it is located almost in the center of the district, on the bank of Dharala river. The total area of this main sub-district is 276.45 km² and the total population is 217,311 (1991 national population census). Beautiful scenery of the bank of the Dharala river near to "Dharla Bridge" and "Old Ferry Port" is the best place to pass leisure with cold river wind in the afternoon of summer. The fantastic view of "Dharla bridge" and sailing boat on the river are also attractive to the visitors to pass their time with the nature of Dharla river. This main part of Kurigram district is connected with other sub-districts by various transport systems while bus is the main and most popular transport system among intra-district transport. You can easily visit three northern border side (Indian border) sub-districts (Nageshwari, Bhurungamari, and Fulbari) connected with main land of Kurigram by Dharla bridge.

Other sub-districts are also conveniently connected with Kurigram Sadar (HQ) by bus and train service. The only sub-district Char Rajibpur is still isolated from the main land of this district by Brahmaputra river. Kurigram Sadar (HQ) is connected with capital city (Dhaka) and other major districts of Bangladesh by highways.

Nageshwari

Nageshwari subdistrict is one of three northern sub-districts of Kurigram district. It is the located about 22 km far away from the main city of Kurigram and conveniently connected by buses over the recently constructed Dharla bridge. The total area of this sub-district is 415.80 km² and total population is 279,775 (1991 national population census). It is the biggest sub-district among the three northern sub-districts of Kurigram and nicely located with the status of city corporation namely "Pourosova". When you will go to Nageshwari form Kurigram main city, you can enjoy the beautiful green of nature in the both sides of road. Very polite helpful behavior and simplicity of local peoples of Nagehwari will delight you and your visit this place. The main town of Nageshwari is conveniently connected with two other northern sub-districts (Bhurungamari and Phulbari) of Kurigram district by bus.Nageshwari subdistrict is more developed than any other subdistrict in Kurigram district.The culture of this subdistrict is also aristocratic. Nageshwari Upazila (Kurigram district) with an area of 415.80 km², is bounded by Bhurungamari upazila and West Bengal of India on the north, Kurigram sadar upazila on the south, Assam State of India on the east and Phulbari upazila (Kurigram) on the west. Main rivers are Brahmaputra, Dudhkumar, Nilkamal, Shankos and Phulkumar; depressions: 54, most noted of which are Payradanga, Teparkuthi, Naodanga and Madaikhal.

Nageshwari is located at 25.9792°N 89.7083°E. It has 51889 units of house hold. Nageshwari (Town) consists of 8 mouzas. It has an area of 35.2 km². The town has a population of 39731; male 52.02% and female 47.98%; population density per km² 1129. Literacy rate among the town people is 28.1%. The town has two dakbungalows.

Nageshwari Thana was established in 1793 and was turned into an upazila in 1983. The Upazila consists of 15 union parishads, 79 mouzas and 367 villages.

As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Population 279775; male 50.72%, female 49.28%; Muslim 93.53%, Hindu 6.19% and others 0.28%; ethnic nationals: Buno, a tribe of Santal live on the bank of the river Naodanga.

Religious institutions Mosque 850, temple 17 and sacred place 2, most noted of which are Nageshwari Bus Stand and Nageshwari Bazar Jami Mosques.

Average literacy 19.4%: male 26.8% and female 11.9%. Educational institutions: college 8, government high school 1, non-government high school 52, madrasa 143, government primary school 95, non-government primary school 78, kindergarten school 5, community school 2. Noted educational institutions: Bhitarbandh JD Academy (1945), Nageshwari Dayamoye Academy High School (1945), Poiradanga Government Primary School (1907) and Nageshwari Degree College (1967).

Main occupations Agriculture 51.23%, agricultural labourer 29.64%, wage labourer 2.76%, commerce 5.38%, service 2.22% and others 8.77%.

Land use Total cultivable land 31070.78 hectares, fallow land 178.54 hectares; single crop 16%, double crop 64% and treble crop land 20%.

Land control Among the peasants 40% are landless, 28%, marginal, 29%, small 3%, rich; cultivable land per head 0.11 hectare.

Fisheries, dairies and poultries Fishery 273, dairy 79 and poultry 203.

Manufactories Rice mill 47, flower mill 1, biscuit factory 7, welding 24, ice factory 11.

Cottage industries Bamboo and cane work, goldsmith, blacksmith, potteries, cobbler, bidi, wood work, tailoring. Cocoon produced by women labour aided by NGO.

Communication facilities Roads: pucca 53 km, semi pucca 2 km and mud road 1212 km; waterways 14 nautical mile.

Health centres Upazila health complex 1, palli health centre 1, health and family welfare centre 10, community clinic 39.

NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, RDRS, Care, asa, grameen bank, KPAP, NBRDS, BRDS, Basundhara, Manab Kalyan.

Bhurungamari

It is most northern sub-district of Kurigram district. The total area of this district is about 236 km² and the total population is 176,822 (1991 national population census). This subdistrict is easily connected with another 2 northern sub-districts and the main part of Kurigram through Nageshwari subdistrict. If you visit the India-Bangladesh border closely located with these sub-districts, you will see the inter country security iron-wire-fences (namely Katatar) between the border of Bangladesh and India. You will also find the "Border Security Force (BSF)" in the part of India and "Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB)" in the part of Bangladesh, who are working as a security forces in their respective sites. Kuchbihar is the nearest Indian district from Bhurungamari.

Phulbari

Phulbari is one of the three northern sub-districts of Kurigram district. The total area of this subdistrict is 163.63 km² and the total number of populations is 129,668 (1991 national population census). It is also closely located in the Indian border of Kuchbihar district and separated by fence from India. Because of it geographical location, it is very close to Kurigram main city but isolated by Dharla river. As Dharla bridge is closely located with the Nageswari district so if some would like to visit Phulbari by using Dharla bridge it will be far away from Kurigram. The most convenient to visit Phulbari by crossing the Dharla river by using very convenient boat or ferry from Kathalbari ferry port, a part of Kurigram main land. Therefore, most of the peoples use this port, rather than Dharla bridge, to visit Phulbari for business and tourism. In addition to these, Phulbari is also closely located with the Lalmonirhat, another northern district of Bangladesh. Therefore peoples from Phulbari can easily go to the main city of both districts for business purpose and can keep their communication with big cities. Although the most of the peoples are dependent on agriculture for their living but many of them are dependent on business. There are most of the main bazaars: Kharibary, Balarhat, Pakir Hat,Newashi Bazar,Khochabari bazar, Kholar Hat, Boroloi Bazar, Baravita, Gongarhat, Phulbari.

Rajarhat

It is the most closest and only western subdistrict of Kurigram. The bus and train are conveniently connected with the main town of Rajarhat from the main city of Kurigram. The total area of this subdistrict is 166.23 km² and the total population is 158,648 (1991 national population census). Because of its closest location and dual transportation systems from the main city of Kurigram, this town has been developed as a business center and many peoples of this subdistrict are depending on business for their living. However, most of the peoples of this subdistrict are dependent on agriculture for their living. Md. Masudur Rahaman is one of the great parson of Rajarhat.

Ulipur

Ulipur is one of the four southern sub-districts of Kurigram. It is also conveniently connected with the main city of Kurigram by road and rail transport systems. This is the most closest south subdistrict of Kurigram with Kurigram main city. The total area of this subdistrict is 504.19 km² and the total population is 345,205 (1991 national population census). Ulipur town is also conveniently connected with Rajarhar subdistrict by road transport system. The road and rail transport systems from Kurigram main city to Ulipur have further extended to Chilmari, another southern subdistrict of Kurigram. It is the biggest sub-district among all sub-districts of Kurigram and nicely located with the status of city corporation namely "Pourosova".there is a health complex, a govt girls high school, a govt college in Ulipur. The name of the Upazila health and family planning officer is dr. Lokman Hakim.

Chilmari

Chilmari is geographically located in a beautiful scenic bank of the Tista and Jamuna rivers. It should be noted that Jamuna is one of the most widest and famous out of first three rivers of Bangladesh. Because of this such geographical location and convenient and dual transport systems from the main city of Kurigram, Chilmari has been developed and most important commercial and river port town of Kurigram district. The total area of this subdistrict is 224.97 km² and the total number of population is 100,516 (1991 national population census). As it is adjacently located in the banks of two important rivers of Bangladesh so many peoples of this district are dependent on fishing, agriculture and business for their living. However, the main profession of most of the peoples are agriculture like most other districts of Bangladesh.

Population 100516; male 49.98%, female 50.02%; Muslim 93.79%, Hindu 6.05% and others 0.16%.

Religious institutions Mosque 145 and temple 10.

Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 34.1%; male 44.8% and female 25.1%. Educational institutions: college 3, high school 12, junior high school 2, madrasa 23, government primary school 55, non-government primary school 61, vocational training institute 1. Noted educational institution: Chilmari High School (1933).

Cultural organisations Club 15, cinema hall 1, cultural society 1 and playground 6.

Main occupations Agriculture 42.15%, agricultural labourer 28.93%, wage labourer 1.91%, commerce 8.64%, service 5.06%, fishing 2.01% and others 11.30%. many important high officials and social workers hailed from this place. The social and political awareness of the people is praiseworthy.

Union Councils of chilmari

1. Raniganj Union Council ( রানীগঞ্জ ইউনিয়ন পরিষদ )

2. Noyar Hat Union Council ( নয়ারহাট ইউনিয়ন )

3. Thana Hat Union Council ( থানাহাট ইউনিয়ন )

4. Ramna Union Council ( রমনা ইউনিয়ন )

5. Chilmari Union Council ( চিলমারী ইউনিয়ন )

6. Austomir Chor Union Council ( অষ্টমীর চর ইউনিয়ন)

Rowmari

Rowmari is the first independent sub-district of Bangladesh. It has a great contribution in Bangladesh's Independence War, 1971. The Pakistani invading force could never captured Rowmari and there was an independent local government since the first day of independence under the leadership of the then MP Mr. Nurul Islam Pappu Mia of Rowmari. Major Zia and Colonel Taher were based in this regional headquarters of Bangladesh's Liberation Force during June to December, 1971.

It is geographically located in the eastern side of Chilmari and south-eastern part of Kurigram Sadar and on the bank of local Jinjiram river. However, this subdistrict is isolated from the main land of Kurigram by Jamuna river. The total area of this subdistrict is 197.80 km² and the total number of population is 137,040 (1991 national population census). Only water-based transport system is connected this island subdistrict with the main land of Kurigram. However, this subdistrict is very close to Dhaka division of Bangladesh. Now only for Government purposes people go to Kurigram and Good Communication establist from Dhaka to Rajibpur, Rowmari (only 4/5 hours).

Char Rajibpur

Char is a Bangla word and it means "island". So, Char Rajibpur is an island subdistrict of Kurigram and located in the most southern part and on the bank of Jamuna river. The total are of this subdistrict is 111.03 km² and the total number of population is 58,049 (1991 national population census). Because of its geographical location and smallest size very few peoples are live in this subdistrict. Only water-based transport system is connected this island subdistrict with the main land of Kurigram. However, this subdistrict is very close to Jamalpur, another district under Dhaka division of Bangladesh. Now only for Government purposes people go to Kurigram and Good Communication establist from Dhaka to Rajibpur, Rowmari (only 4 hours)

Therefore, Char Rajibpur is the most closest subdistrict of Kurigram with Dhaka, so people are wanted to go Jamalpur under Dhaka division. Now BDR communication existing with Jamalpur and Satelment Offiec of GOB (Rajibpur) serve to north side of Jamalpur(Shandabari, CharAmkhowa, Dhangdhara).

Char Rajibpur and Rowmari subdistrict of Kurigram should be include into Jamalpur District or can be a new district include Rajibpur, Rowmari and North side of Jamalpur and Division under Dhaka.

This Subdistricts of Kurigram are important communication place of Dhaka to north Bangle with out Jamuna Bridge. This way consume time 2 hours.^[3]

Language

Most people speak Bangla in Rangpurian tone but understand the formal bangla. people's from town can speak in proper Bangla when many people can speak in English as well. People live in the city or town know better English than the village area.

Economy

From the ancient time Kurigram is a land of agriculture. Several agricultural products are the major driving power of the economy of this district such as rice, jute (called the golden fiber of Bangladesh), wheat, tobacco, potato etc. During winter season, when ground water level is usually lower than rainy season, peoples use irrigation system to cultivate several high yielding varies of rice to keep the economy strong of this district. Several cold storage are also adding value to the economy of this district by preserving agricultural products especially potato during the hot summer season.

Food

Rice and various curry are the common foods of this district like other parts of Bangladesh. Various kinds of fresh water fishes are widely eaten by the peoples of this district rather than meat. These fishes are usually collected from the several rivers flowing through the heart of the district. "KORTI", a white-wide-thin small fish with multiple number of bones are vary popular in this district, like "Ilish" (Hilsha ilisha) in the every parts of Bangladesh. In addition to this, peoples are usually celebrate their various seasons by various kinds of foods. In winter, you can enjoy the taste of sweet natural juice from the date tree.

Education

There are four levels education system in this district like other parts of Bangladesh. These levels are: 1) Primary - 5 years [Grade 1-5] 2) Secondary - 5 years [Grade 6-10] 3) Higher Secondary - 2 years [Grade 11-12] and 4) Tertiary or University Education - 5 years [Undergraduate 4 years and Masters 1 year]. Besides Bengali, the native language, English is compulsory at all levels of education. There are lot of primary and secondary schools, and higher secondary college are available in the every part of the district. In addition to this, some kindergarten school and elementary level English schools are mainly available in the main district city and sub-districts towns. For more detail information please visit this link.[3]

Transportation

Bus is the most cheapest and major transport system of this district. Rail is also conveniently connected with one western (Rajarhat) and two southern sub-districts (Ulipur and Chilmari) of Kurigram. In addition to these, peoples of some other sub-districts e.g. Rowmari, Char Rajibpur, and Phulbari usually use boat and ferries to come into the main land of the district by crossing their nearest rivers. Rickshaw is the most convenient and cheaper, but slower, transport system will be seen all over the district. It is one kind of tricycle, driven by one human being, and can easily carry two persons at a time. Inter district and inter subdistrict buses are frequently depart from the Kurigram bus terminal located in he western part of the city. Train is also well connected with nearest districts e.g. Lalmonirhat, Rangpur but the frequency is quite lower than buses. Super luxurious day and night coaches are available from most of the sub-districts and Kurigram city with the capital city (Dhaka) of Bangladesh.

Climate

Pleasant climate will be seen all over the year except some heavy rain during the rainy season (June–September) in this district. Although there are some heavy rainfall during the rainy season but water is usually ans quickly flowing to the middle to southern part of Bangladesh as this district is quite higher (appox. 13 meter) from sea level. Summer is embedded with rainy season and quite hot (mostly 30-35^o C). As soon as the rainy season is over, winter comes. In winter (October - February) minimum temperature is not less than 2^o C and some days are foggy and sun cannot be seen until mid-day during that days. From march weather becomes warm and Spring comes followed by Autumn and our traditional major rice Harvesting season until May. During this period sky will be mostly clear with few floating white clouds and no rains. Winter is also rain free in this district.

Religion

The district of Kurigram consists 3726 mosques, 384 temples, 31 churches, there is no Buddhist temple in Kurigram district.

References

Md Kamal Hossain (2012). "Kurigram District". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
Kurigram
Geohive

3. Kurigram Web-Portal

4. Online News

5. Rowmari Regional Website

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kurigram District.

The History of Bangladesh.

শনিবার, ১৭ জানুয়ারী, ২০১৫

Kurigram.

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